Friday, May 11, 2012

GALLS ON TREES

From the Penn State Extension office, Franklin County


Each year we receive numerous calls and see lots of samples of leaves and branches with strange growths, which are known as galls.  Galls are formed by the plant because they are stung by an insect such as a mite, midge or wasp that injects a growth developing enzyme that causes the plant to form these abnormal growths. These galls usually do not cause any permanent damage to the plant, but they can cause a homeowner to be alarmed when they see them.

   An example you might see on oak is a gall that forms in the twigs of oak.  They are formed when a wasp lays eggs in the bud of a tree and as the bud develops, the newly hatched wasp injects the growth hormone, which causes the tree to form a gall around the wasps and they feed on the juices from the gall.

   The other gall we will mention is one I like the name of.  It is the roly poly gall.  This is a gall that forms on the leaves of oak and it looks like a huge green bubble of leaf tissue.  It is hollow, but inside is an insect that feeds of the nutrients that seep from the gall.

   Control of galls is generally not necessary and is difficult to achieve.  By the time you see the gall, it is too late to do anything about it.  As I stated, control is not usually necessary.  It is also very difficult for horse owners to tome sprays correctly to get adequate control. 

Another gall we often see in the office is a gall on maple leaves.  The maple bladder gall is a red growth that forms on the leaves of silver maples and red maples and sticks up from the leaf surface.  The red color attracts people’s attention to the galls, but they do not cause any harm to the leaves.  If significant numbers on a leaf, you could get early leaf fall, which is not serious.

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